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This is a picture taken by Edward S. Curtis when he visited the Quw’utsun’ mustimuhw in 1913. Ruby Peter — Sti’tum’at explains the picture in Hul’q’umi’num’.
This is a large, evergreen fern whose leaves grow to form a distinctive crown. Like other ferns, this species reproduces by spores, which in sword fern are produced in structures called sori (singular, sorus) on the undersides of the leaves, or fronds. Sword fern occurs in moist forests from low to middle elevations all along our coast.
